2019解放軍文職招聘考試教育學英語知識點88-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間:2019-04-28 08:21:41(二) 正誤辨析[誤]Please give me a paper.[正]Please give me a piece of paper.[析]不要認為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞,這種原因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了,所以造成了這樣的錯誤,因 paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類,是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達數(shù)量時,要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達,如:two pieces of paper.[誤]Please give me two letter papers.[正]Please give me two pieces of letter paper.[誤]My glasses is broken.[正]My glasses are broken.[誤]I want to buy two shoes.[正]I want to buy two pairs of shoes.[析]英語中g(shù)lasses 眼鏡,shoes 鞋,trousers 褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時的謂語動詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如:This pair of glasses is very good.[誤]May I borrow two radioes?[正]May I borrow two radios?[析]以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果o前面是一個元音字母或外來語時則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo zoos,piano pianos.[誤]This is a Mary"s dictionary.[正]This is Mary"s dictionary.[析]如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時,則不要再加冠詞。[誤]There are much people in the garden.[正]There are many people in the garden.[析]可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾,而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:The people are planting trees here.[誤]I want a few water.[正]I want a little water.[析]不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來修飾,但不可用many,few來修飾。[誤]Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.[正]Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.[誤]Tom"s and Mary"s family are waiting for us.[正]Tom"s and Mary"s families are waiting for us.[誤]I"m sorry. I have to go. Tom"s families are waiting for me.[正]I"m sorry. I have to go. Tom"s family are waiting for me.[析]集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體,則應(yīng)視為單數(shù),如指某個集合體中的個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom"s family were watching TV. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有:family class, team等。[誤]Don"t eat too much meats.[正]Don"t eat too much meat.[誤]Food in that restaurant is very good.[正]The food in that restaurant is very good.[析]物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,在使用中不可以加s,即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如:I don"t like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.[誤]Please give me two waters.[正]Please give me two glasses of water.[正]Please give me two coffees.[析]物質(zhì)名詞如要加計量時,一定要加量詞, 如:two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例: I"ll tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代many cups of coffee.[誤]Can you give me the newspaper of today?[正]Can you give me today"s newspaper?[析]加"s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如:Mary"s hair,但在英文的習慣用法中對時間、距離等名詞的所有格多用"s來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:a five minutes" walk.[誤]Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.[正]Please make room for the lady in the school bus.[析]英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的,如: room為可數(shù)名詞時為 房間 ,如:I live in Room 5.而room為抽象名詞時為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為 請給老婦人在校車上留個地方。 這樣的詞還有:glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹林[誤]There is a flowers garden behind my house.[正]There is a flower garden behind my house.
2019解放軍文職招聘考試教育學英語知識點89-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間:2019-04-28 08:21:53[析]名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外,還可以用來修飾另一個名詞,這時作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式,如:shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (晚報),night school (夜校),head master (校長),a law school (法律學院)。但也有例外,如:a goods train(貨車),sports meeting (運動會)。[誤]My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.[正]My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.[析]英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如:fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中國人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果講There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。[誤]Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.[正]Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.[析]英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: thanks, greens, 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服,而cloth則是布, sand沙子,而sands是沙灘。[誤]I offered my son my congratulation on his success.[正]I offered my son my congratulations on his success.[析]英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式,但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.[誤]We have five German in this meeting.[正]We have five Germans in this meeting.[析]英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German 則要加s,因為它不是由國名與man的組合詞。[誤]There are two As in this word.[正]There are two A"s in this word.[析]在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時,為了防止與As和Is相混,則要用"s即A"s,I"s[誤]There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.[正]There are three 6"s and two 3"s in my telephone number.[析]在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達法中要用"s[誤]We have many woman teachers in our school.[正]We have many women teachers in our school.[析]一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如:half brother half brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in law daughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是:man driver men drivers(男司機) woman doctor women doctors(女大夫)grown up grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student 則變?yōu)閎oy students[誤]Physics are very difficult to learn.[正]Physics is very difficult to learn.[析]雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有:科學,學科名字:Physics. Mathematics politics游戲名稱:bowls 專有名稱:Niagara Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布) 其他名詞:news(消息,新聞)[誤]There is a people in the room.[正]There is a person in the room.[正]There is a man in the room.[析]people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可用作單數(shù),如要用來講一個人時應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個警察時則要用a policeman, a policewoman。[誤]Where is my shoe?[正]Where are my shoes?[析]常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲),socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個則要指明,這時還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:Where"s my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)[誤]I paid five pennies for the sweet.[正]I paid five pence for the sweet.[析]英語中便士有兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個個的硬幣,如:I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個的硬幣)。[誤]There are many fruit in the shop.[正]There are many fruits in the shop.[析]物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但是用來表示種類時則可以用作可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。[誤]There is a new car. It is Jone"s and Mary"s.[正]There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary"s.[析]有生命名詞的所有格,如果是單數(shù)名詞則加"s如:Mary"s car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加 如:teachers" offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,則只加 s,如:children"s palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個詞尾加"s如:girl friend girl friend"s someone else someone else"s a week or three a week or three"s如名詞后有同位語時,則應(yīng)加在同位語的詞尾上,如:It is my girl friend, Mary"s car.要注意的是當兩個名詞并列時,如表示歸兩人共同所有,則在最后一個名詞后面加"s,如果表示分別所有則在兩個名詞后分別加"s,如:This is Mary and Jone"s home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Mary"s and Jone"s homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。[誤]It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.