解放軍文職招聘考試Banks and their customers 銀行和顧客-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-06-30 23:45:47When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer"s account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.The bank must obey its customer"s instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer"s money on a cheques on which its customer"s signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer"s signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer"s name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.參考譯文任何人在銀行開一個(gè)活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時(shí)提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。銀行與儲(chǔ)戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人，要看儲(chǔ)戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。除了這一基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念外，銀行和儲(chǔ)戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問(wèn)題和糾紛。但是儲(chǔ)戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來(lái)抱怨法律對(duì)自己不利。銀行必須遵照儲(chǔ)戶的囑托辦事，不能聽(tīng)從其他人的指令。比如，儲(chǔ)戶首次在銀行開戶時(shí)，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來(lái)提取。他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對(duì)此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒(méi)有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲(chǔ)戶的錢讓偽造儲(chǔ)戶的支票取走。即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因?yàn)殂y行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲(chǔ)戶的簽名。因此，某些銀行已采用把儲(chǔ)戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對(duì)儲(chǔ)戶毫無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲(chǔ)戶，而是銀行。
解放軍文職招聘考試銀行卡賬戶和交易-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-11-24 15:43:33銀行卡賬戶和交易（一）銀行卡申領(lǐng)、注銷和喪失單位或個(gè)人申領(lǐng)信用卡，應(yīng)按規(guī)定填制申請(qǐng)表，連同有關(guān)資料一并送交發(fā)卡銀行。發(fā)卡銀行可根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人的資信程度，要求其提供擔(dān)保。擔(dān)保的方式可采用保證、抵押或質(zhì)押。凡在中國(guó)境內(nèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)開立基本存款賬戶的單位，應(yīng)當(dāng)憑中國(guó)人民銀行核發(fā)的開戶許可證申領(lǐng)單位卡；個(gè)人申領(lǐng)銀行卡（儲(chǔ)值卡除外），應(yīng)當(dāng)向發(fā)卡銀行提供本人有效身份證件，經(jīng)發(fā)卡銀行審查合格后，為其開立記名賬戶。銀行卡及其賬戶只限經(jīng)發(fā)卡銀行批準(zhǔn)的持卡人本人使用，不得出租和轉(zhuǎn)借。單位人民幣卡賬戶的資金一律從其基本存款賬戶轉(zhuǎn)賬存入，不得存取現(xiàn)金，不得將銷貨收入存入單位卡賬戶。單位外幣卡賬戶的資金應(yīng)從其單位的外匯賬戶轉(zhuǎn)賬存入，不得在境內(nèi)存取外幣現(xiàn)鈔。個(gè)人人民幣卡賬戶的資金以其個(gè)人持有的現(xiàn)金存入或以其工資性款項(xiàng)、屬于個(gè)人的合法勞務(wù)報(bào)酬、投資回報(bào)等收入轉(zhuǎn)賬存入。個(gè)人外幣卡賬戶的資金以其個(gè)人持有的外幣現(xiàn)鈔存入或從其外匯賬戶（含外鈔賬戶）轉(zhuǎn)賬存入，該外匯賬戶及存款應(yīng)符合國(guó)家外匯管理局的有關(guān)規(guī)定。嚴(yán)禁將單位的款項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)入個(gè)人卡賬戶存儲(chǔ)。項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)入個(gè)人卡賬戶存儲(chǔ)。持卡人在還清全部交易款項(xiàng)、透支本息和有關(guān)費(fèi)用后，可申請(qǐng)辦理銷戶。銷戶時(shí)，單位人民幣卡賬戶的資金應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)人其基本存款賬戶，單位外幣卡賬戶的資金應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)回其相應(yīng)的外匯賬戶，不得提取現(xiàn)金。持卡人喪失銀行卡，應(yīng)立即持本人身份證件或其他有效證明，并按規(guī)定提供有關(guān)情況，向發(fā)卡銀行或代辦銀行申請(qǐng)掛失，發(fā)卡銀行或代辦銀行審核后辦理掛失手續(xù)。（二）銀行卡交易的基本規(guī)定1．單位人民幣卡可辦理商品交易和勞務(wù)供應(yīng)款項(xiàng)的結(jié)算，但不得透支。單位卡不得支取現(xiàn)金。2．發(fā)卡銀行對(duì)貸記卡的取現(xiàn)應(yīng)當(dāng)每筆進(jìn)行授權(quán)，每卡每日累計(jì)取現(xiàn)不得超過(guò)2000元人民幣。發(fā)卡銀行應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)持卡人在自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)（ATM機(jī)）取款設(shè)定交易上限，每卡每日累討提款不得超過(guò)2萬(wàn)元人民幣。儲(chǔ)值卡的面值或卡內(nèi)幣值不得超過(guò)1000元人民幣。3．發(fā)卡銀行應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守下列信用卡業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制指標(biāo)：同一持卡人單筆透支發(fā)生額個(gè)人卡不得超過(guò)2萬(wàn)元（含等值外幣）、單位卡不得超過(guò)5萬(wàn)元（含等值外幣）。同一賬戶月透支余額個(gè)人卡不得超過(guò)5萬(wàn)元（含等值外幣），單位卡不得超過(guò)發(fā)卡銀行對(duì)該單位綜合授信額度的3％。無(wú)綜合授信額度可參照的單位，其月透支余額不得超過(guò)10萬(wàn)元（含等值外幣）。外幣卡的透支額度不得超過(guò)持卡人保證金（含儲(chǔ)蓄存單質(zhì)押金額）的80％。4．準(zhǔn)貸記卡的透支期限最長(zhǎng)為60天。貸記卡的首月最低還款額不得低于其當(dāng)月透支余額的10％。5．發(fā)卡銀行通過(guò)下列途徑追償透支款項(xiàng)和詐騙款項(xiàng)：扣減持卡人保證金、依法處理抵押物和質(zhì)物；向保證人追索透支款項(xiàng)；通過(guò)司法機(jī)關(guān)的訴訟程序進(jìn)行追償。
