2014北京崗位能力：無序元素對應(yīng)問題解讀
軍隊文職考試崗位能力試卷當(dāng)中判斷推理部分，一般采用圖形推理、定義判斷、類比推理、邏輯判斷四種題型。從近年來考試情況來分析，各部分考點穩(wěn)定，題量時有調(diào)整，其中邏輯判斷部分中的樸素邏輯基本每年都會考察1道題。樸素邏輯是自發(fā)的、不系統(tǒng)的邏輯過程。所謂自發(fā)，就在于很多時候，我們在使用著樸素邏輯，但是卻沒有意識到。所謂不系統(tǒng)，即樸素邏輯的具體過程可以單獨存在。我們可以用逆向解釋來分析這個問題，再用對比的方法來分析另一個問題，而全然不用考慮兩個問題是否有關(guān)，以及這種“差別對待”是否合理。簡單來講，樸素邏輯就是最原始的邏輯，很多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)過樸素邏輯之后，往往得出這樣一個結(jié)論：樸素邏輯一點也不“樸素”。在此國家軍隊文職考試網(wǎng)（）就給大家介紹一類崗位能力考試中比較常見的樸素邏輯問題----無序的元素對應(yīng)問題。所謂無序的元素對應(yīng)問題，?？碱}型主要包括以下兩種：1、兩元素對應(yīng)問題。這類題目題干僅僅涉及兩類元素的對應(yīng)關(guān)系（參見例1），常用的解題方法有代入排除法、列表法、連線法。例1：有甲、乙、丙、丁四人，他們分別是舞蹈家、畫家、歌唱家和作家，尚不能確定其中每個人所從事的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。已知：（1）有一天晚上，甲和丙出席了歌唱家的首次演出。（2）畫家曾為乙和作家兩個人畫過肖像。（3）作家正準備寫一本甲的傳記，他所寫丁的傳記是暢銷書。（4）甲從來沒有見過丙下面哪一選項正確的描述了每個人的身份？A.甲歌唱家，乙作家，丙畫家，丁舞蹈家B.甲舞蹈家，乙歌唱家，丙作家，丁畫家C.甲畫家，乙舞蹈家，丙歌唱家，丁作家D.甲作家，乙畫家，丙舞蹈家，丁歌唱家答案：B解析：題目屬于兩元素對應(yīng)的問題，可利用代入排除法解題，首先，將A選項代入，發(fā)現(xiàn)與條件1中甲不是歌唱家沖突，進而排除；再將B代入，發(fā)現(xiàn)各項均符合條件，從而確定答案為B。另外可尋找突破口，再利用代入排除法快速解題：通讀條件，發(fā)現(xiàn)對作家的描述很多，猜想以其為突破口，觀察條件2和條件3，發(fā)現(xiàn)作家不是乙排除A，也不是甲和丁，排除C、D，由此可知正確答案為B。2.三元素對應(yīng)問題。這類題目題干要求確定三類元素的對應(yīng)關(guān)系（如例2），常用的解題方法有代入排除法、連線法。例2：在同學(xué)聚會上，甲、乙、丙、丁在各自的崗位上都做出了一定的成績，稱為了教授、明星、和經(jīng)理。另外：（1）他們分別畢業(yè)于音樂系、物理系和中文系（2）明星稱贊中文系畢業(yè)者身體健康（3）物理系畢業(yè)者請教授寫了一幅字（4）明星和物理系畢業(yè)者生活在同一個城市（5）乙向音樂系畢業(yè)者請教過樂理問題（6）畢業(yè)后，物理系畢業(yè)者、乙都沒再和丙聯(lián)系過A.丙是明星，甲畢業(yè)于物理系B.已畢業(yè)于音樂系C.甲畢業(yè)于音樂系D.中文系畢業(yè)生是明星答案：A解析：三元素對應(yīng)問題，往往比較復(fù)雜，要注意尋找突破口，再結(jié)合其他解題方法，以便快速確定答案。通讀題干，發(fā)現(xiàn)對物理系畢業(yè)者的表述較多，猜想其為本題的突破口。觀察涉及物理系畢業(yè)者的條件，由條件6可知，甲是物理系畢業(yè)生，從而排除C；再觀察其他條件，由條件2可知，中文系畢業(yè)生不是明星，排除D；由條件5可知，乙不是音樂系畢業(yè)生，排除D，從而確定正確答案為A。以上是對軍隊文職考試當(dāng)中無序元素對應(yīng)問題的簡單介紹，這類題目出現(xiàn)頻率較高，且題目往往比較繞、沒有固定的推理規(guī)則，容易讓人摸不著頭腦，我們提醒考生需掌握一些常用方法，勤加練習(xí)，定可取勝。崗位能力更多解題思路和解題技巧，可參看。
2017年考試崗位能力技巧：元素有序如何快速對應(yīng)
在軍隊文職考試的邏輯判斷部分，樸素邏輯是一種?？碱}型，樸素邏輯主要測查考生是否能夠靈活運用自身的邏輯思維進行推理從而解決問題的能力。而其中的元素有序?qū)?yīng)問題又是該題型中的一個高頻考點，其解題方法值得我們?nèi)パ芯亢驼莆铡Ｋ^元素有序?qū)?yīng)問題，指的是題干列出了若干維(類)元素，并且題干條件中涉及了順序關(guān)系，結(jié)論要求我們將這幾維元素之間形成正確的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。針對這類問題，我們該如何快速解決呢?在此，為廣大考生詳細講解一下解決這類問題的方法和技巧，希望對大家會有很好的幫助。一、代入排除法代入排除思維是解決邏輯判斷中很多問題的一種基本思維。一般而言，在樸素邏輯的題目中，我們首先想到的第一個解題方法就是代入排除法，因為這是最簡單便捷的解題方法。所謂代入排除法，即將條件代入選項或者將選項代入條件從而排除選項的方法。由此可知：A.小王是律師，小李是醫(yī)生，小張是教師B.小王是醫(yī)生，小李是教師，小張是律師C.小王是教師，小李是律師，小張是醫(yī)生D.小王是教師，小李是醫(yī)生，小張是律師二、列不等式對應(yīng)若題干中的對應(yīng)關(guān)系涉及順序比較關(guān)系，比如大小、多少、高低、好差等數(shù)量關(guān)系的比較。此時我們可以根據(jù)題干條件，列出相關(guān)不等式，從而形成連鎖不等式進行對應(yīng)，確定元素之間的關(guān)系。據(jù)此，可以推出甲、乙、丙3位戰(zhàn)士的成績按從高到低依次排列為：A.甲、乙、丙B.乙、丙、甲C.丙、甲、乙D.乙、甲、丙三、畫線對應(yīng)若題干中的對應(yīng)關(guān)系涉及排列排序問題，比如東西、左右等，此時我們可以畫出一條線，將元素一一列上即可。如果上述陳述為真，那么以下那項也為真?Ⅰ.水果汁在倒數(shù)第三位置上。Ⅱ.酸奶放在第二。Ⅲ.可口可樂汽水放在中間。A.只有ⅠB.只有ⅡC.只有ⅢD.只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ方便面→酸奶→餅干→水果汁→可口可樂汽水→肉松→蛋糕。則只有Ⅱ正確，故答案選B。以上即是軍隊文職邏輯判斷元素有序?qū)?yīng)問題的解題技巧分析，希望通過上述的講解對大家解決元素對應(yīng)問題會有所幫助。更多解題思路和解題技巧，可參看。
解放軍文職招聘考試2014年6月英語四級聽力文本第一套-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2017-06-18 18:53:51Section AA) See a doctor about her strained shoulder.B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.C) Replace the cupboard with a new one.D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.A) At Mary Johnson s.B) At a painter s studio.C) In an exhibition hall.D) Outside an art gallery.A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.B) She does not quite agree with what the man said.C) The man had better talk with the students himself.D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.A) He helped Doris build up the furniture.B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.C) Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.D) He was good at assembling bookshelves.A) He doesn t get on with the others.B) He doesn t feel at ease in the firm.C) He has been taken for a fool.D) He has found a better position.A) They should finish the work as soon as possible.B) He will continue to work in the garden himself.C) He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D) They can hire a gardener to do the work.A) The man has to get rid of the used furniture.B) The man s apartment is ready for rent.C) The furniture is covered with lots of dust.D) The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.A) The man will give the mechanic a call.B) The woman is waiting for a call.C) The woman is doing some repairs.D) The man knows the mechanic very well.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) She had a job interview to attend.B) She was busy finishing her project.C) She had to attend an important meeting.D) She was in the middle of writing an essay.A) Accompany her roommate to the classroom.B) Hand in her roommate s application form.C) Submit her roommate s assignment.D) Help her roommate with her report.A) Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.B) When Dr. Ellis leaves his office.C) Directions to the classroom building.D) Dr. Ellis s schedule for the afternoon.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) He finds it rather stressful.B) He is thinking of quitting it.C) He can handle it quite well.D) He has to work extra hours.A) The 6:00 one.B) The 6:30 one.C) The 7:00 one.D) The 7:30 one.A) It is an awful waste of time.B) He finds it rather unbearable.C) The time on the train is enjoyable.D) It is something difficult to get used to.A) Reading newspapers.B) Chatting with friends.C) Listening to the daily news.D) Planning the day s work.Passage oneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Ignore small details while reading.B) Read at least several chapters at one sitting.C) Develop a habit of reading critically.D) Get key information by reading just once or twice.A) Choose one s own system of marking,B) Underline the key words and phrases.C) Make as few marks as possible.D) Highlight details in a red color.A) By reading the textbooks carefully again.B) By reviewing only the marked parts.C) By focusing on the notes in the margins.D) By comparing notes with their classmates.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.A) It is a made-up story.B) It is beyond cure.C) It is a rare exception.D) It is due to an accident.A) His extraordinary physical condition.B) His mother s injury just before his birth.C) The unique surroundings of his living place.D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.C) She developed a strong interest in finance.D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.A) She made a wise investment in real estate.B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C) She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.A) She was extremely mean with her money.B) She was dishonest in business dealings.C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.D) She abused animals including her pet dog.Section CAmong the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are __26__ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to __27__ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly __28__. Speakers of English have a similar gesture though the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the __29__ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombia, a speaker of English would have to know that when he __30__ height he must choose between different gestures depending on whether he is __31__ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand __32__ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter; in Colombia this gesture is __33__ for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand __34__ to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also __35__ moments. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, oneor more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now let s begin with the eight shortconversations.1. W: I can t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.M: Oh Why don t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?2. W: Since it s raining so hard, let s go and see the new exhibits.M: That s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.W: It depends on which student you are talking about.Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.M: It wasn t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.Q: What does the man mean?5. W: Rod, I hear you ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?M: Yeah. I ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I d be a fool to turn it down.Q: Why is the man quitting his job?6. W: I honestly don t want to continue the gardening tomorrow, Tony?M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with this weekend.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: You ve already furnished your apartment?M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?M: Not yet .I ll let you know when he calls.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Now you ll hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Hello. Matt Ellis speaking.W: Hello, Dr. Ellis, my name s Pan Johnson. My roommate, Janet Holmes, wanted me to call you.M: Janet Holmes? Oh, that s right. She s in my Shakespearean English class. Has anything happened to her?W: Nothing, it s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today. She s afraid she won t be able to attend your class this afternoon though. I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. Janet said it s due today.M: Certainly, that would be fine. Uh, you can either drop it off at my class or bring it to my office.W: Would it be all right to come by your office around 4:00? I m afraid I can t come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon.M: Uh, I won t be here when you come. I m supposed to be at a meeting from 3:00 to 6:00, but how about leaving it with my secretary? She usually stays until 5:00.W: Fine, please tell her I ll be there at 4:00. And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? Janet told me where your class is, but she didn t give me directions to your office.M: Well, I m in Room 302 of the Gregory Building. I ll tell my secretary to put the paper in my mail box, and I ll get it when I return.W: I sure appreciate it. Goodbye, Dr. Ellis.M: Goodbye, Ms. Johnson.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why couldn t the woman s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?Conversation Two:W: How are things going, Roald?M: Not bad, Jane. I m involved in several projects and it s a long working day. But I m used to that so it doesn t bother me too much.W: I heard you have moved to a new house in the suburb. How do you like commuting to London every day? Don t you find it a string?M: It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train. But it s bearable now that I m used to it.W: Don t you think it s an awful waste of time? I couldn t bear to spend three hours sitting in a train every day.M: I used to feel the same as you. But now I quite enjoy it.W: How do you pass the time? Do you bring some work with you to do on the train?M: Ah, that s a good question. In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. On the way home at night, I relax with a good book or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.W: I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.M: Yes, I bumped into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week I came across a couple of old school friends and we spend the entire journey in the bar.W: It sounds like a good club. You never know. I may join it too.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What does the man say about his job?13. Which train does the man take to work every day?14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneMost American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don t have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it s important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don t mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don t understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?Passage TwoThe thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn t a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night.It doesn t matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. He did not even own a bed. He never needed one.The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen newspapers. His doctors were puzzled by the strange case of permanent sleeplessness. Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born. Herpin died at the age of 94, never, it seems, having slept at all.19. What is taken for granted by most people?20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin s case?21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin s sleeplessness?Passage ThreeHetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account. Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. She went to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.Hetty s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when her son, Ned, fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg. When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?25. What do we learn about Hetty s daughter?Section CDirections: In this section, you will heara passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you shouldlisten carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.Now listen to the passage.Tests may be the most unpopular part ofacademic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and anxiety aboutbeing evaluated, and focus on grades instead of learning for learning s sake.But tests are also valuable. Awell-constructed test identifies what you know and what you still need tolearn. Tests help you see how your performance compares to that of others. Andknowing that you ll be tested on a body of material is certainly likely tomotivate you to learn the material more thoroughly.However, there s another reason you mightdislike tests: You may assume that tests have the power to define your worth asa person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you vereceived some fundamental information about yourself from the professor, informationthat says you re a failure in some significant way.This is a dangerous andwrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn t mean you are abad person or stupid. Or that you ll never do better again, and that your lifeis ruined. If you don t do well on a test, you re the same person you werebefore you took the test no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test.That s it.In short, tests are not a measure of yourvalue as an individual they are a measure only of how well and how much youstudied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and imperfect measures of what weknow.Section A1. B 本題考查計劃或者建議?？键c在第二個男士的提議。Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. strain: v.表示拉伸，扭傷，strain your shoulder 拉傷肩膀。2. D 本題考查對話場景。通過女士提到的 new exhibits 和男士提到的 favorite painters 可推出：Outside an art gallery.3. B 本題考查語義推斷?？键c在第二個女士的回應(yīng)，面對男士的說法，她并沒有表示認同，而是婉轉(zhuǎn)表達了質(zhì)疑。 unfair evaluation 意思是 不公平的評價 。4. C 2014年6月四級聽力短對話解析：本題考查事實細節(jié)。考點在第二個男士的話。原文中男士說的 do some of them 指的就是修理書架。5. D 本題考查因果關(guān)系?？键c在第二個男士所解釋的原因。 position 即 職位 ， firm 即 公司 ， turn down 是拒絕的意思，與問題中的 quit 即 放棄，辭職 的意思相同。6. A 本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？键c在第二個男士語義轉(zhuǎn)折之后的內(nèi)容。選項 中的 finish 同義替換原文中的 get it over ，而 as soon as possible 則改寫了 within this weekend .7. D 本題考查事實細節(jié)?？键c在第二個男士所說的話，習(xí)慣用語 dirt cheap 就是 很便宜，白菜價 的意思。選項D中的 inexpensive 同義改寫了 dirt cheap 。8. B 本題考查語義推斷?？键c要結(jié)合女士的提問和男士的回答。 mechanic 指 機械工 ， bus repairers 指 公車修理師 。Conversation One：9. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：前2句都是禮節(jié)性問答，第3句開始出現(xiàn)新人物 Janet Holmes , 即考點預(yù)警信號。關(guān)鍵信息就是女士接下來的回答： submitted a job application提交工作申請，asked her in for an interview 通知她面試，對應(yīng)A選項：She had a job interview to attend.10. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：前文剛剛提到 Janet Holmes 所遇到的問題(因面試不能上課交作業(yè))，接著就提到了解決這一問題的方法，關(guān)鍵聽取原文中 I m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. 對應(yīng)選項C：Submit her roommate s assignment。11. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：從四個選項都以特殊疑問詞開頭的特征可以預(yù)判，本題考點是某人的疑問。關(guān)鍵信息是女士在最后所提到的問題： And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? 對應(yīng)選項A. Where Dr. Ellis s office is located.Conversation Two：12. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：第一題完全符合 前3句出考點 的套路，考點信息出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 But 之后： But it s bearable now that I m used to it 。 bearable 表示可以忍受的，be used to 表示為習(xí)慣做某事。對應(yīng)選項C：He can handle it quite well.13. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：本題考查時間細節(jié)，所聽即所選。關(guān)鍵信息是 It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train 對應(yīng)選項B：The 6:30 train.14. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：本題考點再次出現(xiàn)在明顯信號詞But之后： But now I quite enjoy it. 對應(yīng)選項C：The time on the train is enjoyable15. 2014年6月四級聽力長對話解析：長對話最后一題往往對應(yīng)整個對話的結(jié)尾部分。女士最后問男士在車上如何消磨時光，男士的回答則是考點信息： In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. 對應(yīng)選項A：Reading newspapers.Section B17. 2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：從第二段開始，marking skill被反復(fù)提到，無疑是重要考點。就做標記的技巧，作者一共提了3個建議，其中 Third, decide on your own system for marking 幾乎完整地被選項A照搬下來：Choose one s own system of marking. 根據(jù)所聽基本即所選原則，答案就是A。18. 2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：最后一題考察了轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)，考點信息出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 Instead 之后： Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time. 對應(yīng)選項B：By reviewing only the marked parts.19.2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：答案出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 But 之后，即： But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. 對應(yīng)選項D：Everybody needs some sleep for survival.20. 2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：答案出現(xiàn)在明顯的信號詞 But 之后，即： But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a rare exception 對應(yīng)選項C：It is a rare exception. rare表示稀有的，少見的。23. 2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題略有難度?？键c緊跟在上一題考點句之后，即 Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. 對應(yīng)選項D. She inherited a big fortune from her father.24. 2014年6月四級聽力短文解析：本題難度較大。錯誤選項中的細節(jié)有較強干擾性，但如果考生對最后一段的整體結(jié)構(gòu)有所把握，并且知道第一句中提到的 meanness 的意思，即：吝嗇，小氣，就能理解后文內(nèi)容都屬于次要信息，是對meanness的舉例說明。對應(yīng)選項A. She was extremely mean with her money.26. identical27. approach28. back and forth29. opposite30. indicates31. referring to32. parallel to33. reserved34. at a right angle35. embarrassing
崗位能力指導(dǎo)：言語理解對應(yīng)分析法
軍隊文職考試中的邏輯填空題目單純考查詞義的題目越來越少，多數(shù)題目都把考查重點放在了對特定語境的分析上。對應(yīng)分析法是進行語境分析的一種方法，也是快速突破邏輯填空的有效方法。對應(yīng)分析法主要適用于有一定的言語片段和上下文之間的關(guān)系的語境。命題人通常會在空缺處的上下文設(shè)置一些提示信息，這些信息與正確答案之間存在一定呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。對應(yīng)分析法就是通過揭示這種呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，幫助考生尋找解題思路。下面，學(xué)寶教育國家軍隊文職考試網(wǎng)專家就結(jié)合真題對對應(yīng)分析法進行講解，幫助考生理解與復(fù)習(xí)。邏輯填空題中的對應(yīng)關(guān)系主要分為正對應(yīng)和逆對應(yīng)兩種。一、正對應(yīng)正對應(yīng)，指的是文段中上下文的某些詞句從正面提示了正確答案的信息。(一)解說關(guān)系例題1：(2008?國家)作為一個公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，不需要、也不可能事必躬親，但一定要，能夠在注意細節(jié)當(dāng)中比他人觀察得更細致、，在某一細節(jié)操作上做出榜樣，并形成，使每個員工不敢馬虎，無法。只有這樣，企業(yè)的工作才能真正做細。填入劃橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.明察秋毫周密威懾力搪塞B.明辨是非周詳使命感推脫C.抓大放小透徹好習(xí)慣塞責(zé)D.高瞻遠矚入微內(nèi)聚力敷衍解析：此題答案為A。本題材料不長，卻設(shè)了四個空。解答此類題目的基本方法是選定一個突破口，然后分項排除，最終鎖定。突破口的選擇因人而異，本題中第一空和第三空均有明顯的提示信息，適合作為解題的突破口?！澳軌蛟谧⒁饧毠?jié)當(dāng)中比他人觀察得更細致”與第一空構(gòu)成解說關(guān)系的正對應(yīng)。由此可知公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要注意細節(jié)，相關(guān)的只有“明察秋毫”;“使每個員工不敢馬虎”與“形成”(第三空)構(gòu)成解說關(guān)系，“不敢”提示了公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要形成的是“威懾力”。由這兩空可知，A為正確答案。(二)概括關(guān)系例題2：(2010?聯(lián)考)有研究表明，生物大滅絕在歷史上發(fā)生過二十幾次，大約每2600萬年發(fā)生一次，似乎具有。對于物種大滅絕的發(fā)生是否真的如此頻繁和有規(guī)律，還有爭議。但即便是最的估計，也認為至少有5次物種大滅絕是非常明顯的。A.必然性樂觀B.規(guī)律性簡單C.突發(fā)性粗略D.周期性保守解析：此題答案為D。閱讀題干可知，第一空與“大約每2600萬年發(fā)生一次”構(gòu)成概括關(guān)系的正對應(yīng)，“每”在此表示同一動作有規(guī)律地反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，由此可知，第一空只能選“規(guī)律性”或“周期性”。與“簡單”相比，“保守”側(cè)重于指一種底線或最低的限度，與后面的“至少”對應(yīng)更恰當(dāng)。因此本題答案為D。(三)順承關(guān)系例題3：近現(xiàn)代西方科學(xué)與人文兩種文化經(jīng)歷了融合、沖突和消解三個時期，反映到教育理念上也相應(yīng)地經(jīng)歷了科學(xué)教育與人文教育的相互、越走越遠和共同反思三個階段。這一歷史發(fā)展表明，過分強調(diào)科學(xué)文化和科學(xué)教育，必然導(dǎo)致對人文的;而過分強調(diào)人文文化和人文教育，也會帶來對科學(xué)技術(shù)的漠視。填入劃橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.滲透排擠B.結(jié)合無視C.滲透輕視D.結(jié)合限制解析：此題答案為C?！叭齻€階段”對應(yīng)“三個時期”，因此第一個空格應(yīng)與“融合”相對應(yīng)。與“結(jié)合”相比，“滲透”的程度更深，與“融合”所表達的互相影響、不分彼此的意思更貼近，據(jù)此可首先排除B、D。第二空中，分號前后的句子分別說明了兩種錯誤傾向造成的后果。由“過分強調(diào)人文教育會帶來對科技的漠視”可知，過分強調(diào)科學(xué)教育同樣也會造成對人文的漠視，C項中的“輕視”與“漠視”的含義最貼近，故本題選C。(四)遞進關(guān)系例題4：我無法不老，但我還有可能年輕。我不敢對我們過于龐大的文化有什么祝祈，卻希望自己筆下的文字能有一種后的回味，焦灼后的會心，冥思后的放松，蒼老后的年輕。當(dāng)然，希望也只是希望罷了，何況這實在已是一種。填入橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.苦澀奢望B.辛酸奢求C.歷練幻想D.風(fēng)雨夢境解析：此題答案為A。由第一空句后的“回味”可知，這里所填的詞語應(yīng)與味道有關(guān)，符合這一特征的只有“苦澀”和“辛酸”，排除C、D。人們常說“憶苦思甜”，故會引起回味的一般是苦味，而不是酸味，由此排除B，答案為A。名師點評本題較簡單，只要考生注意到第二空前后句存在遞進關(guān)系，進而認識到第二空所填的詞語應(yīng)與“希望”意思相近但比其程度更重，即可鎖定A項的“奢望”。二、逆對應(yīng)逆對應(yīng)，就是文段中上下文的若干詞句從反面提示了應(yīng)選詞語的信息。當(dāng)文段中存在諸如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、背離關(guān)系等邏輯關(guān)系時，考生可考慮此種對應(yīng)。(一)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系例題5：(2010?國家)回到故鄉(xiāng)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)故鄉(xiāng)的傳統(tǒng)生活方式正在消亡。村里的人們曾經(jīng)擁有一個而完整的精神世界，但是外面的世界改變了這一切。這個村正在而又急遽地轉(zhuǎn)型，只是生活在其中的人。依次填入劃橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.美好不著痕跡似信非信B.淳樸潛移默化漠然無知C.單一默不作聲懵懵懂懂D.封閉悄無聲息渾然不覺解析：此題答案為D?！皾撘颇睆娬{(diào)的變化是一個漸進的過程，村子的轉(zhuǎn)型不可能既是“潛移默化”的，又是“急遽”的，據(jù)此可排除B。“不著痕跡”、“默不作聲”、“悄無聲息”都含有悄然無聲的意思，正因為村子的轉(zhuǎn)型具有“快”和“無聲”的特點，所以生活在其中的人才沒有意識到，與此對應(yīng)的詞語為“渾然不覺”。名師點評第二句中轉(zhuǎn)折詞“但是”前后表達了兩種不同的世界：外面的世界和村里的世界?！巴饷娴氖澜纭贝碇_放、現(xiàn)代，那么與之相對的村里的世界則應(yīng)是封閉、傳統(tǒng)。故第一空中填“封閉”最貼切。(二)并列關(guān)系例題6：(2010?國家)在確立以夏、商、周為核心的中國上古史基本框架的基礎(chǔ)上，“夏商周斷代工程”將歷譜推定、文獻梳理、考古與碳十四測定等課題研究成果加以整合，提出了夏商周年表。盡管這個年表還有不夠之處，但它的提出畢竟標志著中國的上古史已不是的傳說，而是可信的歷史了。依次填入劃橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.細致子虛烏有B.精準虛無縹緲C.合理撲朔迷離D.精確空穴來風(fēng)解析：此題答案為B。第二空需要填的是一個修飾“傳說”的成語。由“不是……而是……”可知前后句子構(gòu)成并列的逆對應(yīng)關(guān)系，對應(yīng)“可信”的歷史，可推知前文說的是傳說的不可靠性。“撲朔迷離”指事情錯綜復(fù)雜，不容易看清楚?？床磺宄⒉淮聿豢煽浚懦鼵。“空穴來風(fēng)”這個成語比較特殊，原意為消息和謠言的傳播不是完全沒有原因的，故有“空穴來風(fēng)，未必?zé)o因”的說法。后常被誤用作消息和傳說毫無根據(jù)，甚至有部分字典也接受了這一用法。但在考試中出現(xiàn)，通常仍應(yīng)按原意去理解做題。據(jù)此排除D。第一空中，修飾“年表”這一對象，通常側(cè)重的是準確與否，而非細致或粗糙，故本題選B。(三)背離關(guān)系例題7：(2010?國家)對大多數(shù)人來說，崗位是個人歷練成長的基石。除了極少數(shù)的人能創(chuàng)建自己的事業(yè)，大多數(shù)人都必須走一條相同的路：在崗位上磨煉，依托奠定未來事業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。依次填入劃橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁検?)。A.直接組織B.主動團隊C.獨立同事D.一手集體解析：此題答案為A。在創(chuàng)建自己的事業(yè)時，人或多或少都會需要別人的幫助，所以“獨立”、“一手”不合句意，排除C、D。句中“極少數(shù)”和“大多數(shù)”提示語段存在背離型逆對應(yīng)關(guān)系，在辨析A、B兩項時，可把選項中第一空詞語代入句中一一驗證。A：極少數(shù)人能直接創(chuàng)建自己的事業(yè)→大多數(shù)人只能間接完成;B：極少數(shù)人能主動創(chuàng)建自己的事業(yè)→大多數(shù)人只能被動完成;顯然B項不合常理，可排除。答案選A。題干說的是大多數(shù)人需要在崗位上磨煉，借助崗位這個“基石”來積累經(jīng)驗與資本從而創(chuàng)建事業(yè)。崗位能力更多解題思路和解題技巧，可參看。
