2018軍隊文職考試真題及答案_軍隊文職考試

2018年軍隊文職人員招聘考試（公共課目）能力提高訓(xùn)練題及答案四-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

2018年軍隊文職人員招聘考試（公共課目）能力提高訓(xùn)練題及答案四發(fā)布時間：2018-01-10 21:48:551). 社會從眾傾向是發(fā)群體規(guī)范被成員接受以后就會成為控制和影響群體成員的手段，使成員在知覺、判斷、信念和行為上表現(xiàn)出與群體中多數(shù)人相一致的現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)上述定義，下列情況中沒有社會從眾傾向的是( )。A.小李因工作進度慢而被同事們責(zé)難，他只好利用業(yè)余時間加班趕上B.學(xué)生小李認為張老師對自己的期望值太高了，但一想老師就是老師，他表面上還是接受了C.春節(jié)長假前，小王準備假期旅游，但看到同事們打算回家團聚也決定先回家團聚D.劉先生在旅游時看到有幾個游客自覺地收集垃圾保護環(huán)境，心里很先贊賞，但自己卻不好意思做正確答案：D答案解析：項中說，小李工作速度慢，所以利用業(yè)余時間加班，趕上大家的進度，B項中小李因為老師的期望大家都服從，所以他也接受了，C項的敘述 同事們都 也 是與多數(shù)人相致，D項 不好意思 表明行為并未從眾，故本題選擇D項。

2018年軍隊文職人員招聘考試（公共課目）能力提高訓(xùn)練題及答案一-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

2018年軍隊文職人員招聘考試（公共課目）能力提高訓(xùn)練題及答案一發(fā)布時間：2018-01-14 21:51:121). 民族精神的基本特征包括( )。A.民族性特征B.時代性特征C.歷史傳承性特征D.自覺能動性特征正確答案：ABCD答案解析：民族精神的基本特征包括：(1)民族性特征；(2)時代性特征；(3)歷史傳承性特征；(4)自覺能動性特征；(5)開放性特征。

解放軍文職招聘考試 2008年考研農(nóng)學(xué)聯(lián)考植物生理學(xué)與生物化學(xué)真題參考答案2-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

解放軍文職招聘考試 2008年考研農(nóng)學(xué)聯(lián)考植物生理學(xué)與生物化學(xué)真題參考答案2發(fā)布時間：2017-06-02 21:42:372008年考研農(nóng)學(xué)聯(lián)考植物生理學(xué)與生物化學(xué)真題參考答案植物生理學(xué)答案：一、單項選擇題1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5 .D6.A 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.A11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B二、簡答題16.答案要點：(1)初始質(zhì)壁分離細胞的壓力勢為0，水勢等于其滲透勢且小于0，放在純水中，細胞吸水。隨著細胞吸水的進行，細胞的體積、水勢、滲透勢、壓力勢逐漸增大。(2)達到平衡時，細胞水勢等于純水水勢，此時壓力勢和滲透勢絕對值相等，細胞的體積、水勢、滲透勢、壓力勢都達到最大。17.答案要點：(1)促進細胞伸長生長。(2)促進維管束分化。(3)促進側(cè)根和不定根發(fā)生。(4)維持頂端優(yōu)勢。18.答案要點：(1)韌皮部篩管中同化物以集流的方式運輸。(2)推動運輸?shù)膭恿κ窃春蛶靻柕膲毫萏荻取?3)同化物在源端不斷裝載，庫端不斷卸出，產(chǎn)生并維持源庫間的壓力勢梯度。三、實驗題19.答案要點：(1)光合作用消耗CO2使密閉生長箱中CO2濃度逐漸降低。一定時間后，CO2濃度下降到某一濃度時，光合作用速率等于呼吸作用速率,O2濃度達到穩(wěn)態(tài)，這個濃度即為CO2補償點。(2)根據(jù)圖中兩種植物CO2補償點的數(shù)值范圍，可以推測A植物是C4植物，通過C4途徑同化CO2同化CO2。(3)驗證方法①14CO2標記實驗：14C首先出現(xiàn)在C4化合物的14C出現(xiàn)在C3化合物中的植物址中的植物是通過C3途徑同化CO2的②觀察葉片解剖結(jié)構(gòu)：維管束鞘細胞具有葉綠體的植物是通過C3途徑同化CO2的.四、分析論述題。20.答案要點：(1)地上部分與地下部分是相互依賴，相互促進的關(guān)系;水肥等不足時，地上部分與地下部分表現(xiàn)相互競爭的關(guān)系。地上部分與地下部分通過物質(zhì)和信號的相互交流建立相關(guān)性。根系為地上部分提供水分、礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)、激素等;地上部分為根系提供光合同化物、激素、維生素等。(2)生產(chǎn)中控制根冠比的方法和原理：①水分控制及其原理.②氮肥控制及其原理。③合理修剪及其原理。21.答案要點：(1)植物通過根、莖、葉形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)上的適應(yīng)性變化使自身在干旱逆境下維持正?；蚪咏５乃譅顟B(tài)。如葉片角質(zhì)層增厚表皮毛增生，根冠比增大等。(2)在干旱逆境下，植物通過生理方面的適應(yīng)性變化維持一定程度的生長發(fā)育。如植物通過吸收無機離子或合成小分子有機物質(zhì)，降低細胞滲透勢，增加吸水能力;植物通過調(diào)節(jié)氣孔開度維持水分平衡;植物通過提高保護酶活性來清除活性氧，以維持膜的穩(wěn)定性。生物化學(xué)答案：五、單項選擇題22.B23.C24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.D30.B31.C32.C33.D34.D35.A36.A六、簡答題37.答案要點：(1)是生物系統(tǒng)的能量交換中心。(2)參與代謝調(diào)節(jié)。(3)是合成RNA等物質(zhì)的原料。(4)是細胞內(nèi)磷酸基團轉(zhuǎn)移的中間載體。38.答案要點：(1)蛋白質(zhì)一級結(jié)構(gòu)是指蛋白質(zhì)多肽鏈中氨基酸殘基的排列順序。(2)不同物種同源蛋白質(zhì)一級結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異，親緣關(guān)系越遠，其一級結(jié)構(gòu)中氨基酸序列的差異越大;親緣關(guān)系越近，其一級結(jié)構(gòu)中氨基酸序列的差異越小。(3)與功能密切相關(guān)的氨基酸殘基是不變的，與生物進化相關(guān)的氨基酸殘基是可變的。39.答案要點：(1)競爭性抑制劑丙二酸的結(jié)構(gòu)與底物琥珀酸結(jié)構(gòu)相似。(2)丙二酸與底物琥珀酸競爭結(jié)合琥珀酸脫氫酶的活性中心。(3)丙二酸的抑制作用可以通過增加底物琥珀酸的濃度解除。(4)加入丙二酸后琥珀酸脫氫酶Km增大，而Vmax不變。七、實驗題40.答案要點：(1)試劑的作用①EDTA可螯合金屬離子，抑制DNA酶的活性。②氯仿一異戊醇混合液使蛋白質(zhì)變性沉淀，并能去除脂類物質(zhì)。③95%乙醇可使DNA沉淀。(2)鑒別方法①采用地衣酚試劑檢測RNA分子中的核糖。如果反應(yīng)液呈綠色，說明殘留有RNA。②采用紫外吸收法檢測A260/A280的比值。如果比值大于1.8，說明殘留有RNA。③采用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳法檢測是否有小分子量的RNA條帶存在。八、分析論述題41.答案要點：(1)磷酸二羥丙酮是糖代謝的中間產(chǎn)物， 一磷酸甘油是脂肪代謝的中間產(chǎn)物;因此，磷酸二羥丙酮與 一磷酸甘油之間的轉(zhuǎn)化是聯(lián)系糖代謝與脂代謝的關(guān)鍵反應(yīng)。(2)磷酸二羥丙酮有氧氧化產(chǎn)生的乙酰CoA可作為脂肪酸從頭合成的原料，同時磷酸二羥丙酮可轉(zhuǎn)化形成 一磷酸甘油，脂肪酸和 一磷酸甘油是合成脂肪的原料。(3)磷酸二羥丙酮經(jīng)糖異生途徑轉(zhuǎn)化為6一磷酸葡萄糖，再經(jīng)磷酸戊糖途徑產(chǎn)生NADPH，該物質(zhì)是從頭合成脂肪酸的還原劑。(4)脂肪分解產(chǎn)生的甘油可轉(zhuǎn)化為磷酸二羥丙酮，可進入糖異生途徑產(chǎn)生葡萄糖，也可以進入三羧酸循環(huán)徹底氧化分解。42.答案要點：(1)mRNA上三個相鄰的核苷酸組成密碼子編碼一種氨基酸。遺傳密碼具有簡并性。(2)tRNA反密碼子環(huán)上具有的反密碼子，可以按照堿基配對原則反向識別mRNA上的密碼子。但這種識別具有 擺動性 。tRNA的結(jié)構(gòu)影響其結(jié)合氨基酸的特異性。(3)氨酰tRNA合成酶具有專一性識別氨基酸和能攜帶該氨基酸t(yī)RNA的功能。氨酰tRNA合成酶還具有二次校對功能。

解放軍文職招聘考試?2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語二真題：-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

解放軍文職招聘考試?2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語二真題：發(fā)布時間：2017-06-14 23:03:162012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語二真題：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that s not how it used to be .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class name.The United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the willie cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students" indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers" power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. Tt was only after toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it is...the rainbow (Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls" innocence[C]cannot explain girls" lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls" lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls" DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children"s psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children"s nature[C]researches into children"s behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids" clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers" terms30.It can be concluded that girls" attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica"sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta preliminarystep inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman"sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents"monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad"s.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.Despitetheappealscourt"sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits ,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying each meeting was packed (line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying to find silver linings (Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here, wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist"s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit, wrote Smiles. what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: It is man, real, living man who does all that. And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding from gender to race to cultural studies were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This brain drain has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use zhang wei instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英語二答案：完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新題型：41-45：AFGCE 翻譯、寫作 見后面詳解Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 124，25解析暫無Text 2二。解題分析：第26 題：1. 題干分析：By saying it is ... The rainbow (line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _______。2.研讀解題：第26題定位點出現(xiàn)在第一段中間，因其前后句都與其有句意聯(lián)系，故皆為解題區(qū)域。前句說：女人已經(jīng)想不起來自己在少女時代對于粉色的癡迷。引入了出題句。該字面理解為這只是彩虹的一個小小端倪。結(jié)合前句、后句，可以知道粉紅色沒有什么問題，也不僅僅是混淆少女身份的東西。在后又提及了，它是一種連接。[A] should not be the sole representation of girlhoodA 選項解讀：不應(yīng)該被當(dāng)做是少女時代的單一代表。[B] should not be associated with girls" innocenceB 選項解讀：不應(yīng)該與少女的無知相聯(lián)系[C] cannot explain girls" lack of imaginationC 選項解讀：不能解釋少女們對于想象力的缺失。[D] cannot influence girls" lives and interestsD選項解讀：不能影響到少女們的生活和興趣。B、C選項有歧視的傾向，不選、排除。D選項不在解題區(qū)域之內(nèi)。第27 題1.題干分析：According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?段落判斷推理題。該題提問，根據(jù)第二段，下列有關(guān)于色彩的選項中哪一個是正確的。出題點也已經(jīng)明確為第二段。2.研讀解題：[A] Colors are encoded in girls" DNAA 選項解讀：色彩被編碼進入少女們的基因之中。可理解為，少女天生喜愛顏色。[B] Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsB 選項解讀：藍色過去常常被當(dāng)做是代表少女們的顏色。[C] Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersC 選項解讀：粉紅色過去常常白當(dāng)做是一種表示性別的顏色中的中性色彩。[D] White is preferred by babiesD選項解讀：白色更被孩子所喜愛。B選項在文中，有 Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity。 呼應(yīng)。故可選。C選項，與原文所提及代表力量不符，排除。D選項，與原文中所提及白色是由 boil 造成，不符，排除。故第27題選擇：B。第28 題1. 題干分析：The author suggests that our perception of children"s psychological development was much influenced by ________。事實細節(jié)題。作者對于我們對于孩子的心理發(fā)展的感知主要是受到____的影響。此題定位點較為模糊。有出題詞匯 perception 和 psychological development 以及解題核心詞匯 influenced 。2.研讀解題：由定位點 perception 和 psychological development 以及解題核心詞匯 influenced ，定位于第三段第一句， I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. 故句后部分為該題解題重要區(qū)域。[A] the marketing of products for childrenA 選項解讀：兒童產(chǎn)品的購買。[B] the observation of children"s natureB 選項解讀：對于孩子本性的觀察。[C] researches into children"s behaviorC 選項解讀：對于孩子行為的研究。[D] studies of childhood consumptionD選項解讀：對于孩子的消費的研究。定位點于第一句話，但是要注意本句話中所用的是 marketing trends (市場趨勢)，故A選項中的所購買的兒童用品，形似但意不同，排除。1.題干分析：We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________。段落推理題。題中提問，我們從第四段得出，百貨商場被建議______。直接可以定位于第四段落。同時，也可以使第28題的定位點清楚定位于第二段之后，以及第四段之前，即第三段。2.研讀解題：29題定位于第四段落，有關(guān)鍵詞 department stores 故 解題區(qū)域也大致確定。[A] focuses on infant wear and older kids" clothesA選項解讀：關(guān)注與嬰兒服飾以及更大一些的孩子的服飾。[B] attach equal importance to different gendersB選項，對于不同的性別賦予同樣的重視。[C] classify consumers into smaller groupsC選項，細分消費者進入更小的組別。[D] create some common shoppers" termsD選項，創(chuàng)造更多的普通購物者的專有詞匯。A 選項 詞句有原文支持 create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids" clothes 。但是，對于內(nèi)容的理解不全面。是一個強干擾項。原文在這一定位范圍內(nèi)沒有提及性別問題，故排除B選項。在后句有 Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits。 ，第29題，故選擇C選項，為正確答案。1.題干分析：It can be concluded that girl"s attraction to pink seems to be _____。為概括題型。要求概括是什么原因使得女孩們?yōu)榉凵齙______。定位點為 girl s attraction 和 pink 。此種題型定位較難，因為該種題型多是有多個出題點，概括而成，所以可以在所有題結(jié)束后，運用原則進行解題。2.研讀解題：[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendencyA 選項解讀：很確定的被解釋為由她們內(nèi)在的趨向[B] fully understood by clothing manufacturersB 選項解讀：被服裝廠商全部理解(掌握)[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenC 選項解讀：主要是被受利益所驅(qū)使商人所強加的。[D] well interpreted by psychological expertsD選項解讀：被心理學(xué)專家所很好地解釋。文中，少女對于粉色的喜好多次提及，分別為，第一段， yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives ；第二段， Girls" attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it"s not.結(jié)合原文，可以排除選項A與選項D。剩下的B與C選項是該題的難點，即到底是為服裝商全部了解的結(jié)果，還是商人的導(dǎo)向。其實，通讀全文，服裝商確實出現(xiàn)過，但是，卻沒有提及服裝廠商對于顧客的理解，做一個最簡單的推理：如果服裝商真的能夠完全理解顧客需求，那么就不會有服裝的積壓現(xiàn)象。故，該選項為絕對選項，不選。所以，第30題答案為C。Text 3故事背景：隨著新藥品種開發(fā)減少，藥品的研發(fā)資金縮減，藥品研究正處于黑暗時期。但有一束光帶來了一線希望。 個性化藥品 承諾為個人定制藥品?；驕y試將識別出那些從特制藥品中獲益的人。從而加強治療效果；降低浪費水平。個性化藥品讓制藥商、醫(yī)生和病人均欣喜若狂。這也引發(fā)了法律糾紛。我們知道 ，美國與大多數(shù)英聯(lián)邦國家都繼承了英國法律的普通法傳統(tǒng)。比如，美國法院承襲了 遵循先例 原則，一旦判決成立，案例會被沿襲，重要性由此可見。第二段寫事情有了轉(zhuǎn)機，上訴法院推翻了之前的判決，宣判Myrid Genetics 這家生物公司可以保留其識別婦女得數(shù)乳腺癌風(fēng)險的兩種基因?qū)＠麢?quán)第三段寫基因?qū)＠m紛的原因所在：生物公司致力于個性化藥品的研究所帶來的積極效應(yīng)讓法院對禁止基因?qū)＠q豫不決。而反對基因?qū)＠娜藗円灿幸淮蠖牙碛桑夯蚴亲匀晃?，沒有什么專利可言；基因?qū)＠念C布會抑制創(chuàng)新，而非鼓勵；像Myriad公司這樣的基因壟斷會限制基因?qū)嶒?反對者眾多。第四段寫這個案例忽略了一個非常重要的問題：如果某個基因被授予了專利，是否會影響它所在的基因組專利的授予？可能要等最高法院來決定了。第五段寫隨著BIO組織的發(fā)展，其重心可能會轉(zhuǎn)移，BIO不打算大量申請人體DNA分子專利，在這一領(lǐng)域，他們已經(jīng)申請了絕大部分專利。BIO正在研究基因如何相互作用，這一研究或能用來確定疾病原因或預(yù)測藥物療效的相關(guān)性。BIO的律師漢斯。薩奧爾解釋，這樣的專利才是他們真正渴望獲得的。不管怎樣，這場專利戰(zhàn)的結(jié)果可能會由與此相關(guān)的Mayo Clinic案例裁定，最高法院已經(jīng)受理。BIO日前召開一系列會議，其中包括招募這場專利案件的首席辯護律師的會議，場場座無虛席。31. C，答案顯而易見33. A，答案在第五段第三、四句，文中說的是大范圍，包括了選項A，大概念 小概念也是區(qū)別正確選項的重要方法之一。34. D， 場場會議都座無虛席，人滿為患。這個題頗具難度，選項C干擾性非常強，答題的突破口在于看meeting指什么，我們找到meeting的前一句，說的是招募首席辯護律師的會議，說明律師都渴望加入。為什么律師會有莫大的興趣，我們根據(jù)常識可以想到，這是一場非常轟動的案件，如果贏了，名聲躁動，職業(yè)前景無限。35.D，這個題比較簡單，作者客觀敘述，沒有個人觀點。Text 4二。解題分析：第36 題：1. 題干分析：By saying to find silver linings (Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。通過對于題干的分析，這是一道詞組或者說是詞義的推理題目。要求考生，通過劃線的詞組來推斷作者的建議。所以這道題的解題區(qū)域(相關(guān)解釋詳見同上)不僅包括該段落后續(xù)內(nèi)容，也包含了上一段落的最后幾個部分。在此，有一些同學(xué)基礎(chǔ)很好，能夠知道 to find silver linings 在英語中有著一個固定含義，即 尋找一線生機 。于是便開始積極的且急急的去對應(yīng)答案選項解答題目。故提醒各位考生們：(1)考研閱讀的原文是衡量答案的唯一標準！(2)一切與原文形同而意義不同的選項都是紙老虎！3.研讀解題：[A]seek subsidies from the governmentA選項解讀：從政府尋求補助金。[B]explore reasons for the unemploymentB選項解讀：探索失業(yè)的理由。 該選項在文中有 Many said that unemployment 中有相同體現(xiàn)，但是與所謂原因沒有關(guān)系，故排除。[C]make profits from the troubled economyC選項解讀：從困窘的經(jīng)濟中得利。該選項看起來有原文呼應(yīng)： while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others。 但是，研讀之下，發(fā)現(xiàn)，并沒有選項中的 profit 獲利 一詞，只是說人們有了一些積極的改變。所以不能選擇，獲利，盈利。故，綜合分析只有 [D] look on the bright side of the recession ，解讀為：看到衰退中光明的一面。符合原文。選擇為正確答案。第37題：1. 題干分析：According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。該題為：段落細節(jié)題。注意關(guān)鍵點 made people 。此題與第一題出題區(qū)域結(jié)合較為緊密，故在解題時，應(yīng)避免與第一題相同的答案。如果答案相同，則意味著出題重復(fù)。這不符合考試大綱對于出題人的基本要求。2.研讀解題：[A] realize the national dreamA選項解讀：實現(xiàn)了民族的夢想(美國夢)。在文中，有相關(guān)的體現(xiàn)在于：awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses，這與選項內(nèi)容不符合，屬于同形不同義，排除。[B]struggle against each otherB選項解讀：彼此爭斗。這在原文中有：they were more aware of the struggles of others體現(xiàn)，但是這只是說有了一種意識，而不是真的 each other 的與任何人都去 struggle against ，故屬于同形不同義，排除。[C]challenge their lifestyleC選項解讀：挑戰(zhàn)了他們的生活方式。[D]reconsider their lifestyleD選項解讀：重新思考他們的時候方式。1. 題干分析：Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____。該題為：事實細節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵點在：BF。問的是他的相信。只要找到BF此人，研讀其觀點，便可解題。2.研讀解題：通讀原文，BF的主張出現(xiàn)在第三段第二句，一直到該段落內(nèi)容結(jié)束都是其觀點：Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrantsA選項解讀：加重外來移民的負擔(dān)。原文中表述如下：Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases即反移民的情緒增加，但是這不是移民的負擔(dān)，所以與上題的多干擾項一樣，屬于同形不同義，排除。[B]bring out more evils of human natureB選項解讀：使顯示出更多的人性的罪惡。通過對 engthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。 的綜合，可以確定，此選項為正確選項。[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms，C選項，推動權(quán)力和自由的進步 以及 [D]ease conflicts between races and classes，D選項，緩和各個種族與各個階級之間的沖突 明顯與原文 stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms。 以及 does conflict between races and classes 不符合，所以排除。故，答案為B選項。第39題1.題干分析：The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____?？梢苑g為：對于TVW的研究建議在衰退中的名牌大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生傾向于______。關(guān)鍵點在于： TVW 和 elite universities 。需要知道名牌大學(xué)生在衰退中的情況。2.研讀解題：第39題， TVW 定位在第四段第二句， elite universities 定位在同句，所以該句一直到最后都是解題區(qū)域：The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesA選項解讀：由于缺少機會而落后于其他人。而 left behind 所在 it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 這一句是一個明顯的強調(diào)句型，還原為原句后是：the masses beneath them are left behind. 其中them指代前面的 those with degrees from elite universities 即題干中的名牌大學(xué)生。故該句翻譯成：在名牌大學(xué)之后的大眾們被拋在后面。所以，名牌大學(xué)生沒有因為機會少而落后，故屬于同形不同義，排除。[B]catch up quickly with experienced employeesB選項解讀：以很快趕上了經(jīng)驗豐富的員工。 原文中有：those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。其 catch up quickly with 對象是 where they have been ，而非人，所以，排除不選。[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the othersC選項解讀：和其他人一樣把他們的生活機會看的很暗淡。根據(jù)原文，同樣可以知道，他們不會如同其他人一樣，所以排除。[D]recover more quickly than the othersD選項解讀：比其他人回復(fù)的更快速。在原文中的 those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 說明，第一名牌大學(xué)生會去到在較好的時代不能去到的高度，其次他們可以超過其他人，所以，答案為，他們恢復(fù)的更快。第40題，1. 題干分析：The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。該題是作者觀點題。該題可翻譯為：作者認為艱難的時光對于社會的影響是______。作者觀點態(tài)度題可以從全文來解決，也可以找到相關(guān)的定位點來解決，故不做過多分析。2.研讀解題：[A]certain A選項解讀：確定的。[B]positive B選項解讀：積極地。[C]trivial C選項解讀：瑣碎的。[D]destructive D選項解讀：毀滅的。所以，答案為A選項，確定的。即作者認為是有影響的，但是影響的最終結(jié)果，仍需等待。Part B45.Marx and Engels主張Communist Manifesto共產(chǎn)黨宣言，可定位于第五段第二行， And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle。 歷史應(yīng)該是人民大眾的故事，他們斗爭的記錄。因此，正確答案為E。Part C今年英語(二)的翻譯部分與前兩年一樣，都是一篇小短文，由兩段組成。從語法方面，較長的句式結(jié)構(gòu)考到四個，并且難度角度講，比前兩年略微偏難一點，其中考到了三個定語從句，非謂語動詞做定語和伴隨狀語，虛擬語氣等。而詞匯方面，考到了 硅谷 、 人才流失 等專有名詞。當(dāng)發(fā)展中國家的人們提起對移民的擔(dān)憂，他們通常是在擔(dān)心本國最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的人前往發(fā)達國家的 硅谷 、醫(yī)院和大學(xué)之后本國的前景。英國、加拿大和澳大利亞這樣的國家給予了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生優(yōu)先的移民政策，試圖吸引的就是這些優(yōu)秀的勞動者。大量調(diào)查表明，發(fā)展中國家中受過良好教育的人們更傾向于移民。2004年，一項對印度家庭的大規(guī)模調(diào)查顯示，接近40%的印度移民接受過高中以上的教育，而年齡在25歲以上的印度人當(dāng)中受過高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。 人才流失 一直困擾著落后國家的政策制定者。他們擔(dān)心這種狀況會損害本國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，使其失去急需的技術(shù)人才，而這些人本應(yīng)當(dāng)留在國內(nèi)教書、行醫(yī)，并創(chuàng)造出新的先進產(chǎn)品讓本國的工廠生產(chǎn)制造。These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates。They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make。Section Ⅲ WritingPart ADear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express my disappointment regarding the electronic dictionary that I bought from your on-line store last week, with the invoice number of ED53407.I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part can not be properly settled.Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new one. Looking forward to your prompt reply。Yours sincerely,Zhang WeiPart BThe table above revealed an overall picture of employment satisfaction. Based upon the data of the table, most people under 40 are unclear or dissatisfied with their job, and 64% of those between 40 to 50, are not satisfied and no one feel satisfied at all. For people over 50, the degree of satisfaction largely exceeds the other groups, amounting to 40%.Such difference may be rooted in the following reasons. First, middle-aged people face more pressure to support the family, both the children and the senior, so that they neglect to enjoy in work. Second, the senior citizens has developed a lot in personality, so they are more prone to see the optimistic aspects of the work. Last, the conclusion that the current society patterns pose more challenges to the middle aged group under 50.To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young and middle-aged people under 50.[ 結(jié) 束 ]