軍隊文職招聘考試必記常識-石油是怎樣形成的 - 常識判斷
軍隊文職招聘考試必記常識-石油是怎樣形成的減小字體增大字體軍隊文職招聘考試必記常識-石油是怎樣形成的
石油是由古代有機物變來的。在漫長的地質(zhì)年代里，海洋里繁殖了大量的海洋生物，它們死亡后的遺體隨著泥沙一起沉到海底，長年累月地一層層堆積起來，跟外界空氣隔絕著，經(jīng)過細菌的分解，以及地層內(nèi)的高溫、高壓作用，生物遺體逐漸分解、轉(zhuǎn)化成石油和天然氣。
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解放軍文職招聘考試The search for oil 探尋石油-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2017-06-30 23:46:06The deepest holes of all made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we not need to send men down to get the oil our, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When is has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.參考譯文在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是最深的，這些洞可深達25,000英尺。但是，我們不必像開采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。這些洞只不過是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對改進鉆探作的貢獻都要大。當確定鉆孔地點后，我們就在那里豎起一個井架。井架必須很高，因為它像一個巨型滑輪組。我們必須把很長的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再從地下拉出來。鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動機帶動鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達什么樣的巖層，因此時常要用芯鉆頭取樣。這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。一旦到達油層，石油就會由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來，這種巨大的壓力來自地下天然氣或水。這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來控制壓力。我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會浪費石油和天然氣。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來為止。
